Description

Ilmenite is a black to brownish-black mineral composed primarily of iron titanium oxide (FeTiO₃). It is the most important ore of titanium and serves as the primary source for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), a compound widely used in pigments, aerospace materials, and industrial alloys.

 

Physical Characteristics:

Chemical Formula: FeTiO₃

Color: Black, brownish-black, or dark gray

Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Hardness: 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale

Specific Gravity: 4.5 to 5.0

Crystal System: Trigonal

Streak: Black to reddish-brown

 

Geological Occurrence:
Ilmenite is typically found in igneous and metamorphic rocks such as gabbro, norite, and anorthosite. It also occurs in placer deposits, where it accumulates along with other heavy minerals like rutile, zircon, and magnetite. Major deposits are found in countries such as Australia, India, South Africa, Mozambique, Canada, and Norway.

 

Industrial Applications:

Titanium Dioxide Production: Ilmenite is processed to produce TiO₂ pigment used in paints, plastics, paper, and cosmetics.

Titanium Metal: Used in aerospace, military, and chemical industries for lightweight and corrosion-resistant alloys.

Welding Rod Coating: Provides flux material in electrode manufacturing.

Foundry and Ceramics: Serves as a minor source of iron and titanium compounds.

 

Economic Importance:
Ilmenite is a highly valued industrial mineral due to its role in the titanium industry. It contributes significantly to global titanium feedstock supply, making it essential in modern technology and construction materials.